![charged lepton crossword charged lepton crossword](https://image3.slideserve.com/6193982/new-physics1-l.jpg)
Dirac's electron sea, and its holes, are no longer necessary - but Dirac's equation now has the powerful implication that every particle has an antiparticle.Īnswer: It violated conservation of energy. Feynman (1965 Nobel Prize in Physics) and Stuckelberg argued persuasively that the negative-energy solutions of the Dirac equation could be expressed as positive-energy states of the positron. Anderson won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery, but Dirac's interpretation of the positron would be rejected in the 1940s. By measuring the direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) of the curved positron track, Anderson determined that the particle was positively charged by measuring the track's radius of curvature, he could tell that it had the same mass as the electron. Knowing that charged particles curve in a magnetic field, Anderson placed magnets around his cloud chamber. Water vapor condenses on the ions, and so the trail is visible in a photograph. And it only gets wilder from here!Ĭloud chambers are venerable particle detectors: charged particles passing through a gas leave a trail of ions. We now understand the photon as something with properties both of a wave and of a pointlike particle: it propagates as a wave, and interacts with matter like a particle. The Compton effect (a shift in wavelength of light scattered off a particle at rest) is what finally proved Einstein's theory to the satisfaction of the scientific community. He was inspired by Planck's explanation of blackbody radiation, which held that electromagnetic emission was quantized Einstein expanded this idea to apply to electromagnetic fields in general. Only light above a certain frequency (depending on the metal) can induce this effect Einstein deduced that each photon carried a certain amount, or quantum, of energy depending on its frequency or color, which had to be sufficient to overcome the electron binding energy.
![charged lepton crossword charged lepton crossword](https://image2.slideserve.com/4109863/can-the-data-quality-from-eh-spectroscopy-be-the-solution-l.jpg)
Einstein won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics primarily for this explanation of the photoelectric effect, in which light strikes a metal surface and current-carrying electrons come out.